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Icarus
In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; , ''Íkaros'', Etruscan: ''Vikare''〔Larissa Bonfante, Judith Swaddling, ''Etruscan Myths'', p. 43〕) is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Often depicted in art, Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus's father warns him first of complacency and then of hubris, asking that he fly neither too low nor too high, so the sea's dampness would not clog his wings or the sun's heat melt them. Icarus ignored his father's instructions not to fly too close to the sun, whereupon the wax in his wings melted and he fell into the sea. This tragic theme of failure at the hands of hubris contains similarities to that of Phaëthon.
==The Legend==
Icarus' father Daedalus, a very talented and remarkable Athenian craftsman, built the Labyrinth for King Minos of Crete near his palace at Knossos to imprison the Minotaur, a half-man, half-bull monster born of his wife and the Cretan bull. Minos imprisoned Daedalus himself in the labyrinth because he gave Minos's daughter, Ariadne, a clew〔clew – a ball of yarn or thread. The etymology of the word "clue" is a direct reference to this story of the Labyrinth.〕 (or ball of string) in order to help Theseus, the enemy of Minos, to survive the Labyrinth and defeat the Minotaur.
Daedalus fashioned two pairs of wings out of wax and feathers for himself and his son. Daedalus tried his wings first, but before trying to escape the island, he warned his son not to fly too close to the sun, nor too close to the sea, but to follow his path of flight. Overcome by the giddiness that flying lent him, Icarus soared into the sky, but in the process he came too close to the sun, which due to the heat melted the wax. Icarus kept flapping his wings but soon realized that he had no feathers left and that he was only flapping his bare arms, and so Icarus fell into the sea in the area which today bears his name, the Icarian Sea near Icaria, an island southwest of Samos.〔Thomas Bullfinch - The Age of Fable Stories of Gods and Heroes (''KundaliniAwakeningSystem.com'' ) & The Internet Classics Archive by Daniel C. Stevenson : Ovid - (Metamorphoses - Book VIII ) + Translated by Rolfe Humphries - ( KET Distance Learning ) 2012-01-24〕〔Translated by A. S. Kline - University of Virginia Library(.edu ) Retrieved 2005-07-03〕
Hellenistic writers give euhemerising variants in which the escape from Crete was actually by boat, provided by Pasiphaë, for which Daedalus invented the first sails, to outstrip Minos' pursuing galleys, and that Icarus fell overboard en route to Sicily and drowned. Heracles erected a tomb for him.
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